H & A Pharma Shankhpushpi Syrup: A Natural Remedy for Stress, Anxiety, and Fatigue

 

H & A Pharma Shankhpushpi Syrup is a natural remedy that is used to improve memory, concentration, and learning. It is also used to reduce stress, anxiety, and fatigue.

The syrup contains a blend of herbs that have been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to improve cognitive function and mental health. These herbs include Brahmi, Shankhpushpi, Jatamansi, and Mandukparni.

Brahmi is an herb that is known for its memory-boosting and stress-relieving properties. It is believed to work by increasing the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is essential for memory and learning. Brahmi is an herb that is known for its memory-boosting and stress-relieving properties. It is believed to work by increasing the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is essential for memory and learning.

Brahmi has been shown to be effective in improving memory and learning in a number of studies. In one study, participants who took Brahmi for 8 weeks showed significant improvements in memory and learning, compared to those who took a placebo.

Brahmi is also known for its stress-relieving properties. In one study, participants who took Brahmi for 6 weeks showed significant improvements in stress levels, compared to those who took a placebo.

Brahmi is a safe and effective herb that can be used to improve memory, learning, and stress levels.

Shankhpushpi is an herb that is known for its calming and relaxing effects. It is believed to work by reducing the levels of stress hormones in the body. Shankhpushpi is an herb that is known for its calming and relaxing effects. It is believed to work by reducing the levels of stress hormones in the body.

Shankhpushpi has been shown to be effective in reducing stress and anxiety in a number of studies. In one study, participants who took Shankhpushpi for 8 weeks showed significant improvements in stress and anxiety levels, compared to those who took a placebo.

Shankhpushpi is a safe and effective herb that can be used to reduce stress and anxiety.

Jatamansi is an herb that is known for its anti-anxiety and sedative properties. It is believed to work by increasing the production of GABA, a neurotransmitter that is involved in relaxation and sleep. Jatamansi is an herb that is known for its anti-anxiety and sedative properties. It is believed to work by increasing the production of GABA, a neurotransmitter that is involved in relaxation and sleep.

Jatamansi has been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety and promoting sleep in a number of studies. In one study, participants who took Jatamansi for 8 weeks showed significant improvements in anxiety and sleep quality, compared to those who took a placebo.

Jatamansi is a safe and effective herb that can be used to reduce anxiety and promote sleep.

Mandukparni is an herb that is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is believed to work by protecting the brain from damage and by reducing inflammation. Mandukparni is an herb that is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is believed to work by protecting the brain from damage and by reducing inflammation.

Mandukparni has been shown to be effective in protecting the brain from damage in a number of studies. In one study, participants who took Mandukparni for 8 weeks showed significant improvements in brain function, compared to those who took a placebo.

Mandukparni is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties. In one study, participants who took Mandukparni for 6 weeks showed significant improvements in inflammation levels, compared to those who took a placebo.

Mandukparni is a safe and effective herb that can be used to protect the brain from damage and reduce inflammation.

The ingredients in H & A Pharma Shankhpushpi Syrup are a safe and effective way to improve cognitive function and mental health.

H & A Pharma Shankhupushi

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H & A Pharma Shankhpushpi Syrup is based on an Ayurved Saar Sangrha. H & A Pharma Shankhpushpi helps stabilize brain functions and relieves stress.

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H & A Pharma Hadjod Tablets

Hadjod is a single-herb formulation prepared from the stem extract of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis). Hadjod ensures early ossification and proper remodeling of bones and is recommended for fracture healing. Hadjod accelerates the fracture-healing process by multiple mechanisms such as improving osteoblastic activity, early regeneration of connective tissue and restoring the normal composition of the bone. Hadjod mineralizes bone tissue and improves tensile strength through increased uptake of collagen, calcium, and phosphorus. Hadjod possesses anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways.

Pharmacological Actions

1. Fracture-healing activity

Hadjod contains vitamins and steroids, which are found to have a specific effect on bone fracture healing. These phytoconstituents show a marked influence on the rate of fracture healing by influencing early regeneration of all connective tissues involved in the healing and quick mineralization of callus. This hastening in fracture healing has been attributed to the stimulation of all cells of mesenchymal origin, namely, the fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts by Hadjod Thus Hadjod builds up the chemical composition of the fractured bone, namely, mucopolysaccharides, collagen, calcium, and phosphorus as well as its functional efficiency. Hadjod has been shown to cause an increase in the alkaline phosphatase level during fracture healing

Hadjod facilitates the bone formation and reduces bone loss by inhibiting the osteoclastic activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (osteoclastic marker).

2. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities

Hadjod has been proved to be highly effective in relieving pain, reducing swelling, and promoting the process of healing simple fractures as well as in curing the allied disorders associated with fractures. The constituents of Hadjod such as flavonoids and B-sitosterols inhibit the inflammatory process. Hadjod inhibits arachidonic acid metabolism by both COX and pathways. It acts by preventing the conversion of arachidonic acid to inflammatory prostaglandins.

3. Bone mineral density-improving activity

Systemic use of Hadjod is found to cause a complete restoration of the normal composition of bones. Hadjod acts by stimulating metabolism and increasing the uptake of calcium and sulfur. The increase in calcium deposition further helps join the broken segments of bones through the and early formation of collagen fibers. Early completion of the calcification process and remodeling  phenomenon leads to faster recovery of fractures

4. Tensile strength-improving activity

Hadjod helps build tensile strength. Hadjod aids in building up the chemical composition of the fractured bone, namely mucopolysaccharides, collagen, calcium, and phosphorus. Alkaline phosphatase is involved in bone formation and the healing of fractures. The enzyme secreted by the osteoblasts accelerates the process of mineralization either by increasing the local concentration of inorganic phosphates or by activating the collagen fibers to induce the deposition of calcium salts.

Indications

• Traumatic fractures
• Pathological fractures

Due to the lack of safety data, the use of Hadjod during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.

H & A Pharma Gokshura Tablets

                          

Gokshura is a single herb formulation prepared from the fruit extract of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) Gokshura has potent aphrodisiac activity and is recommended in the management of decreased libido and erectile disfunction. Gokshura contains steroidal spirostanol and furostanol saponins that increase dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels, which in turn contribute to the androgenic activity (intracavernous pressure). The vasodilatory effect of Gokshura is mediated through nitric oxide release and membrane hyperpolarization that corrects erectile dysfunction (ED). Gokshura exhibits free radical scavenging activity, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and thus aids in the management of infertility.

Pharmacological Actions

1. Aphrodisiac activity

Gokshura administration has been reported to increase the levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dihydrotestosterone in the blood. This hormonal modulation has been attributed to the presence of steroidal saponins. These saponins have been shown to improve libido, sexual activity, and intracavernous pressure. It is believed that the hormonal effects of saponins are mediated through their metabolic conversion into dehydroepiandrosterone. Besides central effects, testosterone has been shown to act peripherally by facilitating the nitrergic neurotransmission, accentuating nitric oxide synthase activity, and nitric oxide release in the cavernosa, all of which contribute to penile erection. Thus, the aphrodisiac activity of Gokshura aids in correcting ED.

2. Androgenic and spermatogenesis activities

The role of androgens in sexual behavior is unequivocal. Androgens such as testosterone and its metabolites dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone contribute to the androgenic status and therefore influence the sexual characteristics.

Administration of Gokshura extract is found to improve libido and spermatogenesis and protodioscin is found to increase the levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The continued administration of the extract possibly increases the androgenic status both centrally and peripherally. Gokshura exerts a similar effect as that of androgens and is thus used in the treatment of mild-to-moderate ED.

Gokshura extract has a positive effect on the qualitative and quantitative features of sperms. Gokshura extract improves erection and sexual behavior and increases the levels of sexual hormones Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has a direct effect on spermatocyte production. In a study conducted to evaluate the role of FSH, testosterone, and Sertoli cell apoptosis, it was found that FSH acts as an intensifier in the process of spermatogenesis. Additionally, testosterone causes delayed Sertoli cell death, thereby causing changes in the whole process of spermatogenesis. Thus, the increase in primary spermatocytes in the early and middle stages of spermatogenesis is due to a significant increase in testosterone levels.

Gokshura enhances testosterone production through the stimulation of LH from the pituitary gland, leading to an increase in skeletal muscle mass, secondary to augmentation of plasma testosterone

3. Vasodilatory activity

The arterial vasodilatory effect of Gokshura is mediated through nitric oxide release and membrane hyperpolarization. Administration of Gokshura extract increases sexual behavior and intracavernous pressure probably due to its androgen-increasing property.

4. Antioxidant activity

Gokshura exhibits free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities and strongly inhibits lipid peroxidation. Gokshura is a possible new, powerful, and natural source of antioxidants, which makes it useful in the therapy of free radical pathologies. Gokshura has a new benefit in infertility therapy.

Indications

• Decreased libido
• Erectile dysfunction

Due to the possibility of phototoxic reactions, patients using Gokshura should avoid excessive exposure to sunlight and must use a sunscreen with a high protection factor (> 30).

H & A Pharma Shatavari Tablets

 

Shatavari is a single-herb formulation prepared from the root extract of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). Shatavari has galactagogue activity and is recommended in the management of suboptimal lactation and boosting of postpartum health. Shatavari contains saponins, which exhibit significant galactagogue activity. Saponins are primarily responsible for enhancing lactation. Saponins of Shatavari also exhibit phytoestrogenic effects on female mammary glands and genital organs.

Pharmacological Actions

 1. Galactagogue activity

Evaluation of the galactagogue action of Shatavari on lactating mothers with symptoms of deficient lactation showed significant galactagogue activity. A probable reason for this galactagogue effect could be the presence of steroidal saponins.  Shatavari has been scientifically validated for its galactagogue activity through direct measurement of prolactin hormone levels.

Shatavari has been investigated by a number of researchers and has been found to have the ability to correct lactation inadequacy in lactating mothers. The Arac galactagogue property of  Shatavari may be due to an active principal possessing dopamine receptor have antagonistic activity

2. Estrogenlike activity

Shatavari has been shown to have estrogenic effects on adult female mammary glands and genital organs. This phytoestrogen activity is due to the presence of steroidal saponins, which exert hormone-like actions in the body, and also due to the isoflavones, which have mild estrogenic activity and help balance the estrogen level. A study indicates that phytoestrogen performs its function by binding directly to the estrogen receptor without enhancing the endogenous estrogen level. Shatavari is a rich source of phytoestrogens, a group of naturally occurring compounds that have a chemical structure very similar to estrogen. Phytoestrogens have the ability to displace human estrogen and support female hormone levels by exerting an estrogen-like effect on the reproductive organs. 

Indications

• Suboptimal lactation
• Postpartum recovery

H & A Pharma Sea Buckthorn

 

Sea Buckthorn oil is rich in vitamins and minerals. The fruit contains an exceptional concentration of natural anti-aging Vitamin C, which is 12 times higher than that of an orange! Sea Buckthorn fruit is becoming as popular as pomegranate and acai berry because of its very impressive nutritional profile. It contains over 190 nutrients and phytonutrients, and high amounts of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and protein, making it a powerful Superfood. The unique high fatty acid content of Sea Buckthorn oil and the wealth of nutrients it contains make it one of the most health-promoting herbal oils today. When applied to the skin, Sea Buckthorn oil does not leave an oily residue as virtually all ingredients are properly absorbed and quickly assimilated into the skin.

• Contains more vitamin E (d-alpha-Tocopherol) than any other plant-based oil known at this time
• Beta-carotene: .5,000 IU/100g
• Essential fatty acids: Omega-3 (30%), Omega-6 (40%), and Omega-9 (19%)
• Contains 11 out of 14 trace minerals and flavonoids

THE NUTRIENT PROFILE OF SEA BUCKTHORN

Be prepared to be blown away, because this small, but mighty berry means business when it comes to nutrient content.

Sea buckthorn contains an incredible 190 nutrients and phytonutrients. In fact, its vitamin C concentrations are 12 times higher than that of an orange - who knew! If you aren’t aware, vitamin C is actually referred to as the “beauty vitamin” thanks to its ability to reduce inflammation in the skin, boost collagen for plumper, firmer skin, as well as brighten like nobody’s business!

Fatty acids are also absolutely fantastic for healthy, clear, and glowing skin and sea buckthorn is jam-packed in omega 3, 6, and 9. It’s also the only plant source on the planet that contains the elusive omega 7. Fatty acids not only promote a gorgeous, radiant glow, but their anti-inflammatory effects are also unrivaled.

Sea buckthorn also contains vitamins B1, B2, K, C, A, and E, folic acid, an array of powerful antioxidants and minerals.

Together these powerful nutrients and fatty acids work together to transform the skin.

 

H & A Pharma Ashwagandha Capsules

 

Ashvagandha is a single-herb formulation prepared from the root extract of Ashvagandha (Withania somnifera). Ashvagandha has significant antistress and adaptogenic activities and is recommended in the management of various chronic stress-induced ailments.  

Ashvagandha supports normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and decreases the excess sympathetic response to stress. The adaptogenic activity of Ashvagandha lies in its ability to reduce stress reactions and prevent a state of exhaustion by normalizing stress-induced corticosterone levels. Glycowithanolides of Ashvagandha exhibit y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-a mimetic activity that prevents acute stress-induced anxiety and chronic stress-induced physiological abnormalities; thus, protecting the body from various stress-related ailments. Ashvagandha increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The rejuvenating property of Ashvagandha significantly improves hemoglobin levels, body weight, total protein, and sexual performance.

Pharmacological Actions 

1. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function-normalizing activity

Stress is a stimulus that activates the HPA axis function and sympathetic nervous system, resulting in a physiological change or adaptation. Excess HPA axis activation facilitates the development of cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, it can be speculated that blockade of the HPA axis decreases the excess sympathetic response to stress in cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders and prevents the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ashwagandha suppresses the HPA response and decreases the serum glucose level in both acute and chronic stress.

2. Adaptogenic/antistress activity

The adaptogenic property of  Ashwagandha appears to lie in its ability to reduce stress reactions during the alarm phase of the stress response, prevent or at least delay the state of exhaustion, and hence, provide a certain level of protection against long-term stress. Stress increases corticosterone levels, phagocytic index, and avidity index. Treatment with   Ashwagandha has been reported to bring down the high-stress indices to normal and also improve stress tolerance.

3. Anxiolytic and antidepressant activities mood-stabilizing activity

The bioactive glycowithanolides of   Ashwagandha comprising sitoindosides VII to X and withaferin A have been found to prevent acute stress-induced anxiety and chronic stress-induced depression. Neurochemical investigations on  Ashwagandha that it has significant GABA-mimetic activity. In a study, Ashwagandha  extract was found to produce inhibition of (3H) GABA and (35S) t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding, with concomitant increase in (3H) flunitrazepam binding to their respective receptor sites. The extract also increased 36c1 influx in the spinal cord neuron preparation in the absence of GABA. The increased influx was attenuated by the GABA receptor antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin. GABAergic mechanism forms the basis of action of several anxiolytics and may also be involved in the antidepressant activity as well.

4. Antioxidant activity

 Deficient functioning of oxidative free radical scavenging enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPX it leads to accumulation of toxic oxidative free radicals and consequent changes.  Ashwagandha was found to increase the cortical and striatal concentrations of these antioxidant enzymes. Most abundant oxidative llitus. free radicals generated in living cells are superoxide anions (0²) and derivatives, particularly the highly and reactive and damaging hydroxyl radicals, which appear to act through peroxidation of membrane lipids. Superoxide is inactivated by SOD, the only enzyme known to use a free radical as a substrate. However, the free radical scavenging activity of SOD is effective only when it is followed by an increase in CAT or GPx activity. SOD generates hydrogen peroxide as a metabolite, which is more toxic than oxygen radicals and has to be removed by CAT or GPx.

5. Rejuvenating activity

 Ashwagandha rejuvenates the body in debilitated conditions and increases longevity. It significantly improves hemoglobin levels, packed cell volume, serum iron levels, body weight, mean corpuscular volume, and total protein.  Ashwagandha is also shown to improve sexual performance.

Indications

1) For daily stress and strain

2) Stress-induced male sexual dysfunction

Due to a lack of safety data, the use of Ashwagandha during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended. Ashwagandha should be used cautiously in case of thyroid disease or along with thyroid hormones.

H & A Pharma Triphala Tablets

 

Triphala is a polyherbal formulation prepared from a blend of fruit extracts of Haritaki (Terminalin chebula), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica), and Amalaki (Emblica officinalis). Triphala has antioxidant and laxative activities and is recommended in the management of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Triphala ensures smooth peristalsis by virtue of its prokinetic action. Triphala cleanses and tones the GI tract and exhibits laxative action. Triphala increases the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). Triphala protects the GI tract from various stressors and ailments. Triphala produces radioprotective effects when administered prior to radiation.

Pharmacological Actions

1. Gut health-modulating activity

Polyphenols modulate the human gut microbiome. Quercetin and gallic acid present in Triphala promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species while inhibiting the growth of undesirable bacteria such as Escherichia coli,

2. Adaptogenic activity

E officinalis is found to have long-lasting and broad spectrum antioxidant activity, making it suitable for use as an antiaging agent. A dose-related alteration in the effects of stress brought about by E officinalis is due to its constituent tannoids. Thus, the antistress activity of E officinalis may be partly due to its tendency to normalize stress-induced perturbations in oxidative free radical scavenging activity.

3. Prokinetic activity

Triphala is known to be a prokinetic agent because of the presence of T chebula, which increases the rate of gastric emptying.

4. Enteroprotective activity

Stress is one of the major factors responsible for disorders of the GI tract. Oxidative damage is considered to be a common factor in the pathogenesis of ulcers. An increase in free radical generation during stress is also a cause for the induction of ulcers.

Under conditions of stress, the levels of lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radicals are found to be elevated with a concomitant reduction in the activity of SOD, CAT, and total glutathione content in the gastric mucosa. Treatment with Triphala significantly improved stomach oxidative balance and reversed the stress-induced free radical generation. This may be due to the restoration of free radical scavenging enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPx in the gastric mucosa.

5. Laxative activity

Triphala has considerable laxative activity and is effective in the treatment of constipation and other gastric ailments. It cleanses and tones the GI tract and relieves constipation. Triphala also detoxifies the whole body and improves digestion and assimilation.

Triphala is found to significantly improve the frequency and consistency of stool.

6. Radioprotective activity

Triphala possesses radioprotective activity when administered through both intraperitoneal and oral routes. Intraperitoneal administration of  Triphala is observed to be most effective when carried out prior to irradiation and is also found to bring about dose reduction. With the oral route of administration, Triphala is observed to be effective when administered for 14 consecutive days, 7 days prior to and 7 days after radiotherapy. Biochemical evaluations show that Triphala normalizes xanthine oxidase (XO) and SOD activities in the intestine and decreases DNA damage in both blood leukocytes and splenocytes, clearly indicating that the observed effects were mediated through inhibition of oxidative damage in the cells and organs.

7. Antioxidant activity

Eukaryotic cells are equipped with the natural antioxidant molecules (glutathione S-transferase, vitamin E, vitamin A, carotenoids, and vitamin C) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) to protect the cellular constituents from free radical-induced damage. Administering Triphala increases the activities of SOD, GP, and CAT and the level of glutathione. Triphala decreases the levels of myeloperoxidase and XO in the intestinal mucosa. Together all these observations indicate the usefulness of Triphala as an antioxidant agent.

Indications

• Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders 
• Irritable bowel syndrome-constipation 
• Recovery from gut inflammation 
• As a GI rejuvenator (Rasayana)

H & A Pharma Tulasi Tablets

Tulasi is a single-herb formulation prepared from the aerial part and leaf extracts of Tulasi (O sanctum). Tulasi has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic properties and is recommended in the management of recurrent respiratory infections and upper respiratory tract disorders and as supportive therapy in chronic lung diseases. Tulasi is a single-herb formulation prepared from the aerial part and leaf extracts of Tulasi (O sanctum). Tulasi has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic properties and is recommended in the management of recurrent respiratory infections and upper respiratory tract disorders and as supportive therapy in chronic lung diseases.

Pharmacological Actions

1. Antimicrobial activity

Tulasi exerts antimicrobial action against humans pathogenic bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. This property is due to the monoterpene components, which are phenolic in nature and exert membrane-damaging effects on microbial strains by stimulating the leakage of cellular potassium ions. This leakage of potassium ions is lethal to the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane.

2. Anti-inflammatory activity

Eugenol (1-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-allylbenzene), an active constituent of Tulasi, has been found to be largely responsible for its anti-inflammatory property. The anti-inflammatory property of O sanctum supports the dual inhibition of arachidonate metabolism as indicated by its activity in certain inflammatory conditions that are insensitive to selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Linolenic acid present in O sanctum fixed oil has the capacity to block both the COX and lipoxygenase (LPO) pathways of arachidonate metabolism and could be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity.

3. Immunomodulatory activity

Tulasi modulates humoral immune responses by acting at various levels of the immune mechanisms such as antibody production, the release of mediators of hypersensitivity reactions, and tissue responses to these mediators on the target organs.

4. Antioxidant activity

The flavonoid constituents of Tulasi possess antioxidant properties. Phenolics are highly effective free radical scavengers and exhibit a strong antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of phenolics is mainly due to their redox properties, which allow them to act as reducing agents.

hydrogen donors, and singlet oxygen quenchers, In addition, they have a metal chelation potential Lipid peroxidation has been postulated to be one of the mechanisms in the destructive process of liver injury. The increase in malondialdehyde level in the liver suggests enhanced lipid peroxidation, leading to tissue damage and failure of antioxidant defense mechanisms to prevent the formation of excessive free radicals. Tulasi showed a significant decrease in the liver LPO level, thereby inhibiting lipid peroxidation. This may be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which have been recognized as excellent scavengers of superoxide, hydroxyl, and peroxyl radicals.

5. Adaptogenic activity

The adaptogenic property of Tulasi reverses oxidative stress (OS) and restores the normal functioning of tissues. Peroxidative damage produced by OS is indicated by an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduction in glutathione (GSH) concentration in the liver and the kidney, and increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in erythrocytes. O sanctum is found to decrease the erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities, increase GSH level, and decrease TBARS, which reveal that the sparing of tissue GSH binds und to oxidative ions and scavenges the reactive oxygen species, thereby sparing the SOD and CAT. Once the LPO level is reduced, TBARS concentration is also reduced. The adaptogenic activity of Tulasi is because of its antioxidant principles, such as methyl eugenol and flavonoids.

6. Antitussive and mucolytic activities

Tulasi is commonly used as a demulcent in the treatment of cough. Tulasi brings about its antitussive effect by a central action probably mediated by both the opioid system and the GABAergic system. Ursolic acid is responsible for its antitussive property. Tulasi aids in the mobilization of mucus in bronchitis and asthma.

Indications

• Upper respiratory tract disorders 
• Productive and dry cough 
• Recurrent respiratory infections 
• As supportive therapy for chronic lung diseases:

                - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

                - Asthma and bronchitis

H & A Pharma Karela Tablets

 Karela is a single-herb formulation prepared from the fruit extract of Karela (Momordica charantia). Karela has insulin-secretagogue activity and is recommended in the management of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Karela increases glucose uptake in the liver, muscles, and fat cells. Karela enhances insulin sensitivity and is thus useful in the management of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Karela possesses potent free radical scavenging and iron-chelating activities, thereby showing potent antioxidant effect. Momordicosides present in Karela enhance fatty acid oxidation.

Pharmacological Actions

1. Prediabetes

Consumption of Karela as whole fruit, extract, or dried powder is known to reduce blood sugar levels. Karela juice and extract can stimulate peripheral glucose uptake and regulate the amount of glucose uptake by the gut. Karela has the potential to become a component of the diet or a dietary supplement for patients with prediabetic conditions.

2. Antidiabetic activity

Karela has been found to reduce blood glucose and lipids under diabetic conditions, protect B cells, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce oxidative stress. Karela stimulates glucose uptake in the liver, muscles, and fat cells.

A study indicates that Karela extract lowers blood glucose by depressing its synthesis, on one hand through the depression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase, and on the other by enhancing glucose oxidation by the shunt pathway through activation of its principal enzyme glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase.

Karela extract has significant repairing effects on HIT-T15 cells against superoxide anion radicals, which did not correlate to Karela extract's superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. A study hypothesized that the different fractions of Karela extract may make different contributions to its cell-repairing activity and its ability to stimulate insulin secretion.

Another study demonstrates that Karela increases glucose utilization in the liver, which contributes to its hypoglycemic action.

Karela extract is found to significantly reduce the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glycogen phosphorylase; concomitantly increase the levels of hemoglobin and glycogen; and activate hexokinase and glycogen synthase. These results clearly show the antidiabetic properties of  Karela

 Four cucurbitane glycosides-momordicosides Q, R, S, and T-and stereochemistry-established karaviloside XI were isolated from M charantia to study their antidiabetic properties. These compounds and their aglycones exhibit a number of biological effects beneficial in the management of diabetes and obesity. In both, L6 myotubes 3T3-L1 adipocytes, stimulate GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane, an essential step for inducible glucose entry into cells. This is associated with increased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key pathway mediating glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, momordicoside(s) enhances fatty acid oxidation and glucose disposal during glucose tolerance tests in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant mice. These findings indicate that cucurbitane triterpenoids, the characteristic constituents of Karela, may provide a lead as a class of therapeutics for diabetes and obesity.

Another study shows that Karela extract is effective in ameliorating the high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperleptinemia and decreases the levels of blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and free fatty acid, whereas it increases the adipose peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-7

and liver PPAR-a mRNA level. Additionally, e Karela is found to significantly decrease the nic weights of epididymal white adipose tissue and ,6- visceral fat and decrease the adipose leptin and resisting mRNA level. It is suggested that at least a 1 portion of these effects could be through PPAR-y mediated pathways, resulting in lowering the glucose level and improving insulin resistance, partly through PPAR-a-mediated pathways to improve plasma lipid profiles. This demonstrates that Karela extract can influence dual PPAR-a/PPAR-y expression, and the mediated gene expression is effective in ameliorating insulin resistance and visceral obesity?

In a study, Karela extract was orally mulate administered to overweight rats to assess the effect of the extract on the body weight of rats. Five weeks of treatment not only showed a significant decrease in the body weight of rats, but also a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, there was an increase in the high globin, density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the serum."

3. Antihyperlipidemic activity

Karela extract has been shown to have, besides its hypoglycemic property, strong hypolipidemic action on diabetic hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia."

4. Antioxidant activity

 A study revealed that treatment with Karela extracts significantly decreases the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hyperammonemic rats by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in ammonium chloride-induced hyperammonemia. It is suggested that Karela extract offers protection against hyperammonemia by preserving the structural integrity of the hepatocellular membrane against the damage caused by ammonium chloride. This shows the potent antioxidant activity of the Karela extract, 10

In another study, the Karela extract is shown to possess potent diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and iron-chelating activity, thereby exhibiting potent antioxidant activity

A study showed that Karela extract causes a significant increase in hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The strongest increase (about 9-fold) is observed in GPx activity, while about 2-fold to 5-fold increases were observed in SOD and CAT activities. Karela extract also exhibits a hepatoprotective effect. In addition, about 50% increase is also noted with hepatic cytosolic glutathione & TM-L S-transferases. On the other hand, treatment with Karela significantly reduces both ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and methoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities in liver microsomes, which are known to be catalyzed by CYP1A isoforms. These results suggest that Karela extract possesses antioxidant activity

Indications

• Prediabetes
• Type 2 diabetes

H & A Pharma Guduchi Tablets

 

Guduchi is a single-herb formulation prepared from the stem extract of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in an effective immunomodulator and is recommended in the management of various recurring frank and occult infections as a co-prescription. Biological response modifiers (BMs) of Guduchi produce an immunomodulatory effect through activation of macrophages, which in turn exhibit microbicidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Guduchi produces a significant anti-inflammatory effect in both acute and subacute stages of inflammation. Guduchi exhibits strong free radical scavenging activity against active oxygen and nitrogen species.

Pharmacological Actions

1. Immunomodulatory activity

Guduchi is used as an immunomodulator for the activation of macrophages. Guduchi has natural immunopotentiators termed as BRMs. The basic mechanism of immunostimulation of BRMS is thought to occur through macrophage activation. Macrophages perform a variety of complex microbicidal functions, including surveillance, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and destruction of targeted organisms. Production of nitric oxide and lysozyme appears to constitute one of the main microbicidal mechanisms of macrophages.

2. Antimicrobial activity

Guduchi extract exhibits antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Important plant metabolites such as tannins and saponins may be responsible for antimicrobial activity.

3. Anti-inflammatory activity

Guduchi produces a significant anti-inflammatory effect in both acute and subacute models of inflammation-its mode of action appears to resemble that of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

4. Antioxidant activity

Guduchi has been reported to elevate the glutathione reductase (GSH) level and expression o the y-glutamylcysteine ligase and Cu-ZnSOD genes, It also exhibits strong free radical scavenging activity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Guduchi inhibits the Fenton (FeSO) reaction and radiation-mediated 2-deoxyribose degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, it shows a moderate but dose-dependent inhibition of chemically generated superoxide anion.

5. Antiallergic activity

Guduchi has been found to show promising results in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). It significantly reduces sneezing, discharge, nasal obstruction, nasal pruritus, and other symptoms of AR. The antiallergic and bronchodilatory properties of Guduchi extract were evaluated on histamine-induced bronchospasm, in which Guduchi significantly decreased bronchospasm.

Indictions

As a co-prescription

• With anti-infectives

• In upper respiratory tract infections (URTIS), lower RTIS (LRTIS), urinary tract infection (UTI), and skin and soft tissue infections

• For the management of infected wounds in diabetic patients

• In preoperative and postoperative conditions

• In immunocompromised patients

• In occult infections-pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), latent tuberculosis (TB), persistent urinary tract problems, and endocarditis

Due to the lack of safety data, the use of Guduchi during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.

H & A Pharma Kapikachhu Tablets

 

Kapikachhu is a single-herb formulation prepared from the seed extract of Kapikachhu (Mucuna pruriens) Kapikachhu elevates spermatogenesis and is recommended in the management of oligospermia. Kapikachhu improves spermatogenesis by stimulating luteinizing hormone (LH). Kapikachhu increases the dopamine level in the brain, which leads to the release of testosterone and then to an increase in sexual drive and general improvement in sperm count and motility. Kapikachhu contains bioactive constituents such as alkaloids that play an important role in increasing the antioxidant and antistress capacities.

Pharmacological Actions

1. Androgenic and spermatogenesis activities

Kapikachhu shows an androgenic effect by virtue o testosterone-like activity. The androgenic activity Kapikachhu has been reported to increase anabolic activity. It improves sexual behavior, libido, potency, and daily sperm production

Abnormalities in the sex hormone biosynthesis and failure of the pituitary to maintain proportionate in of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, and prolactin (PRL) may lead to disruption of testicular function leading to infertility and impaired spermatogenesis dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, testosterone, with increase and H. Kapikachhu elevates spermatogenesis activity term expose by stimulating LH, which triggers the secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells. Testosterone, E2, and inhibin control the secretion of gonadotropins and also a function of autoregulate their plasma concentration by acting on stress, low the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. LH controls steroid production by binding with the receptors on the Leydig along with cells, thereby inducing the synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) from adenosine triphosphate, ascorbic a the increased level of CAMP is largely responsible for the upregulation of steroidogenesis. PRL secretion from pituitary lactotrophs is under the control of dopamine secreted from the hypothalamus. PRL level in men increases immediately after orgasm and has a role in inhibiting sexual drive and behavior. Dopamine, somatostatin, and y-aminobutyric acid are PRI-inhibiting factors Dopamine plays an important reduction role in mediating sexual behavior and function, that is, an increase of dopamine in the brain results in increased libido.

2. Aphrodisiac activity

Administration of Kapikachhu to infertile men results in a general improvement in sperm count and motility. oxidant Kapikachhu seeds are a rich source of L-DOPA and its metabolites, which include epinephrine and norepinephrine. an increase in dopamine level in the brain following treatment with Kapikachhu may not only induce the activation of sexual behavior but may also increase plasma testosterone level. It has been reported recently that L-DOPA and its metabolite that the dopamine stimulates the hypothalamus and forebrain inhibits to secrete a gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This, in turn, upregulates the anterior pituitary gland to oxidation secrete FSH and LH, causing the increased synthesis of testosterone by Leydig cells. Furthermore, spermatogenesis is controlled by the hypothalamus and co and anterior pituitary working together On the basis of these facts, it may be suggested that an increased dopamine level in the brain may not only optimize the release of hormones, including testosterone, leading to increased sexual drive and improved performance, but it may also accomplish reduction of psychological stress. Moreover, treatment with Kapikachhu may also contribute to the proper functioning of the male genital system and facilitate sperm transport and contraction of seminal vesicles.

3. Antistress and antioxidant activities

Kapikachhu administration was found to bring about a significant reduction in the level of psychological stress. Psychological stress is known to be associated with increased production of oxidants, and long-term exposure to stress may lead to the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the sperm membrane, resulting in unfavorable alterations in the structure and function of sperms. In infertile men, under psychological stress, low seminal plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were observed dig along with reduced levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid. But there was an improvement in glutathione and ascorbic acid levels following treatment with Kapikachhu The improvement in antioxidant levels following treatment may be due to the reduction of oxidative stress. Kapikachhu is reported to contain many bioactive $. constituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, and alkylamines, which play important roles in increasing the antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, reduced stress and reactivation of antioxidants might, in turn, lead to a reduction in the seminal plasma lipid peroxide level.

Seminal plasma has a strong capacity to maintain a relatively neutral and protective environment for sperm function because it contains a vast array of antioxidants. Antioxidant enzymes namely SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase, as well as vitamins ts A, C, and E continuously operate to maintain the ty oxidant-antioxidant balance in the seminal plasma. It has been reported that the semen of infertile men contains a significantly high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS produces malondialdehyde (MDA) as an end product of lipid peroxidation. When MDA attacks the sperm membrane, it causes damage to the sperm, and this leads to infertility. A study showed that the antioxidant effect of Kapikachhu significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation, which in turn inhibits the production of MDA from ROS and prevents the oxidative damage of sperms. Treatment with Kapikachhu helps recover the levels of total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and vitamins A, C, and E and corrects the fructose level in the seminal plasma of infertile men.

Indications

• Infertility due to oligospermia

• As an aphrodisiac

H & A Pharma Arjuna Tablets

 Arjuna is a single-herb formulation prepared from the bark extract of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna). Arjuna is known for its cardioprotective action and is recommended in the management of various cardiovascular diseases as a co-prescription. Arjuna exerts positive inotropic effect on the atrial muscles by releasing noradrenaline. Tannins show normotensive effect mediated through cholinergic mechanism. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-like activity of Arjuna produces coronary vasodilation, a Sealed pack of which increases coronary flow, decreases frequency of angina, decreases left ventricular mass, and improves left ventricular ejection fraction. The cardioprotective action of Arjuna is due to its endogenous antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation inhibiting activity, and cytokine level-modulating activity.

Pharmacological Actions

1. Positive inotropic activity

Arjuna exerts a positive inotropic effect on atrial muscles. Hydrophilic constituents of T arjuna are essential to its inotropic therapy. Increased release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve endings is said to be the underlying mechanism for Arjuna induced positive inotropy in atrial muscles. The inotropic effect of Tarjuna is attributable primarily to enhancing sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) function. The significance of Tarjuna-induced increase in both SR Ca²+ release and uptake is that such actions stabilize intracellular Ca²+ cycling and minimize the change in contraction duration while enhancing contractility on the beat-to-beat basis.

2. Antihypertensive activity

Tannins and tannin-related compounds are thought to be the contributing factors to the reported hypotensive action of Arjuna. The hypotensive effect of these compounds is mediated by cholinergic mechanisms. Administration of T arjuna produced a dose-dependent, sustained fall of blood pressure; its response to various neurohumoral agents such as acetylcholine, adrenaline, and niacin suggests that the drug acts by modifying the autonomic responses in the body

3. Coronary vasodilatory activity

The PGE2-like activity of Arjuna is known to produce coronary vasodilation, which explains the pharmacological basis of the increased coronary flow. T arjuna brings about a rise in the force of contraction and bradycardia, a trend toward an increase in the coronary flow. The enhancement of PGE2-like activity by T arjuna accounts for the rise in coronary flow. Thus, Tarjuna can be a useful agent in the management of congestive heart failure (CHF).

4. Cardioprotective activity

Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with Arjuna improves altered hemodynamic, biochemical, and histopathological parameters in CHF, suggesting its cardioprotective action. T arjuna appears to preserve left ventricular function as evidenced by significant restoration of left ventricular pressure (LV [dP/dt] max and LV [dP/dt] min) and restoration of elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). An increase in LV (dP/dt) max and LV (dp/dt) min reflects an overall enhancement of myocardial contractility and relaxation, suggesting improvement in left ventricular dysfunction. Reduction in LVEDP implies that there is an increase in blood flow through the subendocardial region of the heart that bears the maximum brunt of the ischemic insult. Under ischemic conditions, there is a disproportionate reduction in blood flow to the subendocardial regions of the heart, which is subjected to the greatest extravascular compression during systole. Thus, Tarjuna may indirectly aid in restoring the blood flow to normal levels in these regions by reducing the elevated LVEDP. The cardioprotective action of Tarjuna has significant: prophylactic and therapeutic benefits-it prevents CHF, possibly through maintaining endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, inhibiting lipid on peroxidation, and regulating cytokine levels.

5. Antianginal activity

Arjuna administered to patients with postmyocardial infarction angina has resulted in decreased frequency of angina, decreased left ventricular mass, and improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction."

6. Platelet aggregation-inhibitory activity

 Superoxide generation increases platelet reactivity and limits the biological activity of nitric oxide. The inhibitory action of nitric oxide on aggregation of platelets as well as their adhesion to the endothelium, induced by thrombin, is potentiated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) consistent with preventing the inactivation of endothelium-derived nitric oxid. Oleanane-type triterpene glycosides designated as termiarjunoside I and termiarjunoside Il potently suppress the superoxide production by phagocytosing macrophages and also inhibit aggregation of platelets. 

7. Antihyperlipidemic activity

Arjuna is found to be the most potent hypolipidemic agent. It induces partial inhibition of atheroma. Arjuna acts by inhibiting lipid implantation into the injured arterial wall and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. T arjuna is also effective in bringing down the atheromatous plaque size. The hypocholesterolemic action of Arjuna is mediated through increased cholesterol excretion in the feces.

8. Antioxidant activity

Flavonoids of Arjuna have been reported to exert antioxidant activity. Treatment with T arjuna increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and glutathione (GSH). SOD is a highly effective antioxidant enzyme and is responsible for catalytic disputation of highly reactive and potentially toxic superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The H₂O, is further metabolized either by catalase or peroxidase, and GSH acts as a scavenger.

Arjuna contains several chemical constituents such as arjunetin, arjunolic acid, arjunic acid, arjungenin, and their glucosides, arjunglucoside 2, and tannins.

Indications

Co-prescription in

•  Prehypertension
• Hypertension
• Stable angina pectoris
• Ischemic heart disease

Due to the lack of safety data, the use of Lasuna during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended

H & A Pharma Shallaki Tablets

 

Shallaki is a formulation prepared from the oleo gum resin extract of Shallaki (Boswellia serrata) and Langali. Shallaki is recommended in the long-term management of different types of pain and inflammatory disorders associated with joints. Shallaki has antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic actions that suppress inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX). Shallaki exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect by considerably inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), possibly through the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. Shallaki significantly reduces the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that help protect cartilage.

Pharmacological Actions

1. Antiarthritic activity

Shallaki has been shown to have a beneficial effect on knee osteoarthritis. Boswellic acids exhibit an antiarthritic effect by inhibiting 5-LOX. Patients treated with Shallaki experience a significant decrease in joint pain, swelling, and increase in range of motion.

2. Anti-inflammatory activity

Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-13, and IL-6 play an important role in the modulation of acute and chronic inflammation. TNF-a is released early, in copious amounts, in response to a wide variety of invasive stimuli; overproduction of TNF-α has also been shown to induce the production of various inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, reactive oxygen species, iNOS, IL-6, and NO. These mediators modulate important cellular events including gene expression, DNA damage, and cellular proliferation, which contribute to various inflammatory disorders. Therefore, cellular manipulation of the production of TNF-α and IL-13 is of importance for regulating the inflammatory response. Shallaki exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect by considerably inhibiting NO production, possibly through the suppression of iNOS mRNA expression and inhibition of TNF-a, IL-13, and IL-6.2

3. Cartilage-protective activity

Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-13 and TNF-a destroy or kill the chondrocytes. IL-1ẞ is known to decrease synthesis of GAGs in articular cartilage, which is the nonprotein part of proteoglycan. Under inflammatory conditions, the chondrocytes and synovial cells produce a large amount of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP3 and MMP13, which degrade the collagen matrix of the cartilage. Shallaki exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities. Shallaki provides significantly better protection from IL-1B induced death of human primary chondrocytes and improves GAG production in human chondrocytes. Shallaki provides potential benefits in recovering ar articular cartilage damage or protection from proteolytic degradation by inhibiting MMP3 production

Indications

• Osteoarthritis 
• Rheumatoid arthritis 
• Back pain 
• Myalgia and arthralgia