What is nutrition?
Nutrition is defined as the science of food, the nutrients, and the substances therein their action, interaction, and balance concerning health and diseases, and the process by which the organism ingests digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes, and excretes food substances.
What
are nutrients?
Nutrients are molecules in food that all organisms need to make energy, grow, develop, and reproduce. There are two major types of nutrients that we need to simplify our bodies with energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients.
What
is the role of nutrition in children?
Nutrition is vital for healthy growth
and development in children. Nutrition is essential to meet the 3 Developmental aspects in children:
·
Physical (Linear growth and weight gain) development.
·
Mental development.
· Immune development
Explain the terms growth and development
in children.
Growth in children refers to an increase in physical size, an increase in height, weight, body proportion, and head circumference Development in children refers to an increase in skill levels/activities and mental ability through the growth of the nervous system and associated seme organs.
What
are macronutrients?
Macronutrients are the nutrients that are required in large quantities
for growth and other functions of the body, which provide bulk energy.
· Carbohydrates
· Fats
Proteins
What are Micronutrients?
Micronutrients are the nutrients that are
required in small quantities to perform the entire range of physiological
functions.
·
Vitamins
· Minerals
What is the importance of Protein?
Protein is one of the most important macronutrients required by the body. Protein is the building block of life. They are complexes made up of amino acid chains. There are 22 standard amino acids, out of which 9 are called essential amino acids, as these amino acids cannot be synthesized by the human body. Children require more amount of proteins to perform various functions such as Helping in muscle and tissue growth & repair, Providing energy when carbohydrates are not available, Synthesising enzymes or enzyme subunits, digesting food, stimulating the brain, providing cellular energy, and repairing the tissues, organs, and cells, Regulate the pH of the blood, Control metabolism-related processes in the body, Build the immune system via protein antibodies
What are the important micronutrients?
How is it important for growth in children?
Vitamins and minerals are the most vital micronutrients.
These micronutrients are:
·
Essential to support a vital body function.
·
Essential for mental growth & immunity development.
Important vitamins
· Vitamin C and E
improve the efficiency of phagocytes.
· B-complex vitamins especially B1, B2, B6, 812,
and folic acid are required to produce several neurotransmitters.
Important minerals
Iron & iodine are the most important minerals required for cognitive development. The deficiency of Iron and Iodine will lower the average intellectual capacity by 10-15 IQ points
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet refers to a diet that contains an adequate amount of all necessary nutrients in the required proportions for healthy growth and development.
What is Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
Dietary Reference intake, also known as Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), is the average daily dietary intake enough to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly (97-98%). healthy individuals in a gender and life stage group (Life stage considers the age and when applicable, pregnancy or lactation)
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of macro-and Micro-nutrients for children?
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the
estimated amount of a nutrient per day considered necessary for the maintenance
of good health. As per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), RDA requirements
of key nutrients in children are as follows
|
Children |
1-3 Years |
4-6 Years |
7-9 Years |
|
|
Body Weight(kg) |
12.9 |
18 |
25.1 |
|
|
Net energy (kcal/day) |
1060 |
1350 |
1690 |
|
|
Protein (g/d) |
16.7 |
20.1 |
29.5 |
|
|
Fat (g/d) |
27 |
25 |
30 |
|
|
Calcium (mg/d) |
600 |
|||
|
Iron (mg/d) |
9 |
13 |
16 |
|
|
Zinc (mg/d) |
5 |
7 |
8 |
|
|
Magnesium (mg/d) |
50 |
70 |
100 |
|
|
Vitamin A (ug/d) |
Retinol |
400 |
3200 |
|
|
Beta carotene |
600 |
4800 |
||
|
Thiamine (mg/d) |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
|
|
Riboflavin (mg/d) |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1 |
|
|
Niacin (mg/d) |
8 |
11 |
13 |
|
|
Vitamin B6 (mg/d) |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.6 |
|
|
Ascorbic acid (mg/d) |
40 |
|||
|
Folate (ug/d) |
80 |
100 |
120 |
|
|
Vitamin b12 (ug/d) |
.2-1.0 |
|||
How can children meet their RDA nutrients requirement?
A balanced diet is essential to meet the RDA nutrient requirement of children, for their healthy growth and development. The diet should include different food groups like grain, vegetables, fruits, and foods high in protein like legumes, dals, meat, and eggs along with dairy products.
What is hidden hunger?
Hidden hunger means a lack of adequate
nutrition required for healthy growth. It arises because the quality of food
people eat may satisfy hunger but does not meet their nutrient requirements.
What are the causes of hidden hunger in children?
The causes of hidden hunger in children include:
·
Fussy eating habits
·
Eating a diet in junk
food
·
Imbalanced diet
·
Insufficient food intake
· Poor nutrition absorption
What are the impacts of hidden hunger in children?
Hidden hunger in children can lead to:
· Poor physical growth
· Weak immunity
· Insufficient cognitive performance
Does hidden hunger mainly affect children from low economic class?
Hidden hunger is common even among children
from wealthy families. Even in the wealthiest households one-quarter of children
are stunted.
"Nutrition in India, National Family Health Survey (NHS-3) 2005-06
How to combat hidden hunger?
The 3D approach helps combat hidden hunger:
· Dietary diversity - A nutritious diet has a variety and balanced nutrients.
· Dietary supplement -
An optimum nutrition partner having the night blend of macro and micronutrients
· Digestible ingredients - Ingredients that are easily digestible and that enhance the digestibility of nutrients
What is insufficient cognitive performance?
Insufficient cognitive performance is related to insufficient cognitive functions such as concentration, learning, memory, and reasoning. Micronutrients are known to have a direct influence on cognitive functions (through their involvement in the energy metabolism of neurons and cells, the synthesis of neurotransmitters receptor binding, and the maintenance of membrane ion pumps) Insufficient cognitive performance may be due to marginal deficiency of these micronutrients.
What are the problems faced by convalescent children, following an
illness or Surgery?
The problems faced by convalescent children,
following an illness or surgery, include:
· Infections that aggravate nutritional status and may cause
anorexia, tissue catabolism, and enhance the utilization of micronutrients.
· Increased tissue repair, which demands high protein.
· Frequent infection that leads to the vicious cycle of undernutrition and recurrent infections.
What is the role of dietary proteins in child growth?
Dietary proteins optimize protein synthesis, body mass, muscle strength, muscle recovery after physical activity, muscle & tissue growth/repair, and muscle endurance.
What is Bovine colostrum?
Bovine colostrum is the pre-milk produced by
a cow during the first two to four days after giving birth. Bovine colostrum and
to components are safe for human consumption, except in cases of intolerance, or allergy to lactose, or other components.
It is used in the treatment or prevention of
a variety of disease states, as it delivers growth, nutrients, and factors to
the offspring.
What are the main components of colostrum?
The
major components of colostrum can be divided into 2 categories:
Immune
components and nutritional components
Immune components present in colostrum
·
Immunoglobulins such as IgA, IgG, and IgD
· An antioxidant such as Lactoferrins
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Essential Vitamins and Minerals:
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